Understanding Hatha Yoga, Ashtanga Yoga and Raja Yoga.

THE FOUR PATHS OF YOGA

There are four main paths of Yoga - Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Raja Yoga and Jnana Yoga. Each is suited to a different temperament or approach to life. All the paths lead ultimately to the same destination - to union with Brahman or God - and the lessons of each of them need to be integrated if true wisdom is to be attained.

( I will write about the other paths soon )

Raja Yoga 

Raja Yoga means royal and is sometimes called the crown of Hatha Yoga. Raja adds concentration after body and mind are cleaned and trained to stay calm and attentive. The improvement in our power of concentration, as a result of Raja Yoga, moves all of our attention towards the source of our Being in order to become that Being. Raja Yoga is a complete system, also refered to as Ashtanga Yoga because of the eight (ashta) limbs (anga) the system rests on.

ASHTANGA - THE EIGHT LIMBS OF RAJA YOGA

Compiled by the Sage Patanjali Maharishi in the Yoga Sutras, the Eight Limbs are a progressive series of steps or disciplines which purify the body and mind, ultimately leading the yogi to enlightenment. These 8 limbs are:

1. Yamas - The Yamas or restraints (Don'ts) are divided into five moral injuctions, aimed at destroying the lower nature. They should all be practiced and developped by the letter but also more importantly in the spirit. They should all be practiced in word, thought and deed.
• Ahimsa or non-violence
• Satya or truthfulness
• Brahmacharya or moderation in all things (control of all senses). Also refers to celibacy
• Asteya or non-stealing
• Aparigraha or non-covetousness
2. Niyamas - The Niyamas or observances (Do's) are also divided into five and complete the ethical precepts started with the Yama.. These qualities are:
• Saucha or purity - this internal and external cleanliness.
• Santosha or contentment
• Tapas or austerity
• Swadhyaya or study of the sacred texts
• Ishwara Pranidhana which is constantly living with an awareness of the divine Presence (surrender to God's Will)
3. Asanas - Postures
4. Pranayama - regulation or control of the breath. Asanas and Pranayama form the sub-division of Raja Yoga known as Hatha-Yoga
5. Pratyahara - withdrawal of the senses in order to still the mind.
6. Dharana - concentration. The last 3 steps constitute the internal practice of Raja Yoga. When Dharana is achieved, it leads to the next step:
7. Dhyana - meditation is that state of pure thought and absorption in the object of meditation. There is still duality in Dhyana. When mastered Dhyana leads to the last step:
8. Samadhi - the superconscious state. In Samadhi non-duality or oneness is experienced. This is the deepest and highest state of consciousness where body and mind have been transcended and the Yogi is one with the Self or God.

As you can see the Hatha Yoga school or branch is a small fraction of the Ashtanga Yoga System or Raja Yoga. The term Hatha Yoga branch consists in the physical practice of Yoga: Asana and Pranayama. The oldest manual to study the Hatha Yoga system is the Hatha Yoga Pradipika. In this book Swami Swatamarama tells us that obtaining self-control and self-discipline is much easier when we start with the physical and energetic body, verses trying to directly control the mind as in Raja Yoga. Through the mastery of the prana, or energy of the body, we can then easily master the control of the mind and obtain success with Raja Yoga. In verse 1:41 he tells us that when the flow of prana is stabilized through the practices of Hatha Yoga, the breath stops spontaneously and a mindless state naturally arises. The main goal of this text is to illuminate the physical disciplines and practices of Hatha Yoga and integrate these with the higher spiritual goals of Raja Yoga (meditation).Swatamarama begins with explaining the relationship between Hatha Yoga and Raja yoga, informing us that Hatha is a preliminary practice for Raja Yoga. 

The way we learn Ashtanga Yoga is starting with Asana practice. The practice of asanas purify the body and bring health benefits. As the practitioner keeps a daily routine for a long time, the nervous system is also purified and the mind gets stronger. When I say stronger I mean that the mind is still and with no distractions. The body and mind are in a equanimous state of control. When this happens is easier to start the practice of pranayama where you need to sit for long period and apply the breathing techniques. This practice can be challenging for lots of practitioners because you need to sit comfortable, preferably in Padmasana and keep the spine strong and straight during the entire practice. This simple position held for some period of time can be very challenge for the body, nervous system and the mind. The practice of Pranayama can lead to the next limbs of Ashtanga Yoga method. But: Without an earnest effort and reverence towards the practice of yama and niyama, however, the practice of asana is of little benefit (Flynn).

Practicing asana for many years with correct vinyasa and tristhana gives the student the clarity of mind, steadiness of body, and purification of the nervous system to begin the prescribed pranayama practice (Flynn). "Through the practice of pranayama, the mind becomes arrested in a single direction and follows the movement of the breath" (Jois 2002 23). Pranayama forms the foundation for the internal cleansing practices of Ashtanga yoga (Flynn).

The definition of yoga is "the controlling of the mind" [citta vrtti nirodhah] (Jois 2003 10). The first two steps toward controlling the mind are the perfection of yama and niyama (Jois 2003 10). However, it is "not possible to practice the limbs and sub-limbs of yama and niyama when the body and sense organs are weak and haunted by obstacles" (Jois 2002 17). A person must first take up daily asana practice to make the body strong and healthy (Jois 2003 10). With the body and sense organs thus stabilized, the mind can be steady and controlled (Jois 2002 16). With mind control, one is able to pursue and grasp these first two limbs (Flynn).

Practicing Mysore Style - What do you need to know

Mysore Style:

1-The Mysore Style class is the traditional way to learn the proper Ashtanga Yoga method.  You do not need to know the sequence to start but if you want to have results and advance in the practice you need to practice the sequence as much as possible when you learn from the teacher. Ashtanga yoga is practiced traditionally 6 days a week. Five days mysore style, one day led class and one day off. Of course it's overwhelming in the beginning and I don't recommend to force yourself to do a 6 days a week practice. Take it slowly and with time adding more days in your routine.

2- In the beginning is overwhelming to remember all the sequence as given by the teacher, all the correct vinyasas and somehow we feel lost, disappointed and sometimes discouraged to continue on. Traditionally is not permitted to have sequence sheets in the class by the yoga mat and I think thats is the best way to learn because you will need to practice at home to remember what you have learned. Sorry Im old style :)

3- Mysore style definitely challenges not only physically but mentally as well. But no worries because with time you will memorize what you have to do and then your body will just flow from one asana to another and then you can bring attention to more subtle aspects of the practice (drishti, breath, bandhas)

Do and Don'ts in a Mysore room:

1- Mysore practice is a silent practice. Of course there is communication between student and teacher but there is no communication between students. Keep conversations for after or before class.

2- Students do not stop their practice to help other students (verbally or physically). Keep focusing on your own practice. The teacher will help students when its needed. There is no rush. Thats why Mysore class usually have a two hours time. Be patient and wait for the teacher.

3- When you can't do a posture properly ask the teacher to come and help. Adjustments are helpful to progress, understand and avoid injuries. If you have a question on how to do it, ask for help. Its a individual practice, use this advantage.

4- Keep your drishti! Focus on your practice.

5- Bring your own mat and a towel. You know why...I say all the time.

Remember everything takes time. Nothing in nature blooms overnight. Be patient with your body and with yourself. Never compare your journey to others. Practicing Ashtanga yoga is a very humble experience. You need three D's! Detication, Determination and Discipline. We don't choose what to do or whats feel nice and beautiful. We have to stick with a sequence that never changes but the changes inside are what we are looking for. Sometimes we feel we are walking forward 5 steps and then 10 steps back. Sometimes we get stuck in some posture and never move forward. Don't get frustrated. Thats why we practice together to help each other. The rest is practice.....

Namaste

Ashtanga and Pregnancy - Second Trimester

Hello everyone!
 Lots of people are asking me how is my practicing going, if I still have my regular practice and how I feel about it. So here we go...
 I'm almost on my 5th month pregnant and I definitely feel much better than my first trimester. I do still practice Ashtanga yoga (some days the practice is shorter than others, or an extra day off), but now with a bigger belly I need to modified postures and also excluded some asanas of my daily practice. I can not forward fold as deep as before because of my bigger belly, I can't do deep twisting postures and I also avoid some back bending postures of the second series where I need to lay belly flat down. But Im thinking some ways where I can make a special prop for my belly...we will see ;)
 I also feel I lost connection between the legs with the upper body, because I can not activate my core muscles like before anymore, uddhiyana bandha is gone, so vinyasas are in a totally another level now. They are very basic, mostly walking back and through, sometimes I jump through but as I said before is hard because there is no core integration in the body by this point. Somehow I feel totally as a beginner in my practice, discovering and rediscovering new approaches to the changes occurring in my body.
 For most of Ashtanga practitioners is all or nothing so the change in practice can give a big impact in the mind. In the very beginning was a little weird to feel the changes in my body but now is a very natural reality. Everyday my body is changing and Im totally okay with that. My practice now feels more meditative and I feel I rediscover my breath in a more deeper way which feels great.
 Other thing I changed in my routine is to eat something before practicing. Traditionally the practice is done on empty stomach for the purification process occur nice and easy. Now Im more about nourishing my body instead of focusing in purification of my system. So far this pregnancy is teaching me deep lessons of impermanence and detachment and also is a ego smasher which for me is really important for my understanding of life an death.
 The practice of yoga (any style) is to make ourselves to feel good, the mind balanced, the heart calm and a sense of peace that is not affect by external situations. The more I practice and teach I see that does not matter which level of asana practice you are, what can you do with your legs or arms. If you see yoga just as contortion or balancing on the hands is better to go for an acrobatic/circus training. Do not compete with others or yourself, always approach the practice in a humble way. There is a place to be accessed during practice, a special and sacred space to connect with the Divine that lives within. In the end thats whats matter.
Shanti Shanti Shanti

The Pregnant Ashtangi

*This is a personal post from my own experience of being an Ashtanga practitioner and being pregnant. I don't want to generalize the subject as each practitioner have their own experience with their body, so Im speaking only about myself.


  Only God knows how is being mentally and physically difficult for me to be an Ashtanga practitioner and a pregnant woman at the same time. When I knew I was pregnant, my husband and I decided to give a break in my practice as Pattabhi Jois, Saraswathi and Sharath recommend for the first trimester of pregnancy. That is advised because the first three months are very delicate and hard movements as well overheating the body can cause miscarriages easily. I do know some women who practice Ashtanga and didn't stop their practice and they were fine. As I said before each person have their own opinions and I decided to follow the advice of my teachers, myself and family. Either way I continue with gentle stretches and teaching of course. The first 3 months and a half it was really hard and I think it was good to take a rest from my practice. I felt morning and night sickness. In the afternoons felt sleepy and tired. Now I'm in the 4th month and I feel better about being sick and I feel more energy in the mornings. I still feel suddenly sleepy, even more after when I eat something.
  Now Im welcoming the practice back into my routine. It's not being easy. I still feel lack of energy, I get tired quicker and even sleepy on the sitting positions or sometimes I suddenly feel hungry. Then I get a feeling that I'm not in control of my body anymore. But then I breath mindfully, I control my breath and then I calm my thoughts and my mind. I feel connected again with my body and deep inside I know its all temporary. I am where I am supposed to be.
  Every change is for the best and for us to learn something about ourselves.  I am a practitioner who strives for results and improvement. Im always thinking ways to achieve results in my practice. Now I just need to find ways to enjoy more my journey and improve my relationship to whatever is presented in the present moment. I think most of the Ashtanga practitioners are like that. If not wait until you can not practice the way you always do so you know better ;)We strive for results somehow, but then when we get an injury or something happens that is beyond our control like my pregnancy we are forced to step back and be mindful of every little step and movement of body and mind.
  Putting aside all the "negative"or not pleasant experiences of our new "temporary" practice there are positives as well.
1-Ego of course gets smashed and I feel much more humble.
2-I breath more mindfully because I want to send enough oxygen to the baby and I also want my mind and body to feel as calm as possible. So there is no rushing or forcing something to happen.
3- As a teacher I feel much more compassion and understanding for the students.
4-As a practitioner I learn that everything is temporary and impermanent. Attachment causes suffering. Liberation of all things is the goal of my practice. So not even to my practice I should feel attached or dependent to.

Some point along the years Ashtanga practitioners learn that does not matter how your practice looks like today, or in the past either how you think it will looks like in the future, we will continue to do it because this is the essence of the practice to just go and do it even if is just a few sun salutations.
Today it was half primary, tomorrow lets see whats happen. No expectation? Im working on that as well. Practice and all is coming.
Namaste.

Surya Namaskara A

Surya Namaskara A

Surya in Sanskrit means Sun and Namaskar or Namaskara means to adore. Adoration/Salutation to the Sun. 

The Sun Salutations are like a prayer in movement. Each pose is connected with an inhalation and exhalation. Focusing in the breathing, bring the mind to the internal sensations of the body and slowly going into a meditative state, uniting body, mind and spirit.

The Sun Salutations in a physical aspect are like the warm ups for the practice. It's work on the shoulders, wrists, neck, hamstrings. Slowly allowing the body to get more flexible and stronger. The Sun Salutations are the base for future postures in the practice, so it's really important to do not skip them and work on them very precisely. Also during the Sun Salutations we learn how to breath, combining one movement and one breath (in or out, depending on the posture).

0 - Samasthiti: Feet together, big toes touching. Engaging the legs and the bandhas. Lengthening the spine. Relaxing the mind, arms beside the body, relaxing the shoulders and the chest. Creating a feeling of peace to start the practice.

1 - Ekam: Inhaling reaching with the arms up, palms touch. Gaze at the thumbs.

2 - Dwe: Exhaling fold forward. 

3 - Trini: Inhaling lengthening the spine, head up.

4 - Catvari: Exhale and either step or jump back to Chaturanga Dandasana. Lower down while keeping the gaze straight ahead. You may either hover one inch from the floor or take your torso fully down to the mat, whichever is more appropriate.

5 - Panca: Inhaling Urdhva Mukha Svanasana (Upper facing dog), straighten the arms and roll onto the tops of the feet. Engage the legs. Lift the chest high.

6 - Sat: Exhale Adho Mukha Svanasana (Down dog), as you push the hips up. Lengthen the spine from the sacrum to the top of the head.

7 - Sapta: Inhaling as you either jump or walk to the front. Lengthen the spine.

8 - Astau: Exhale fold forward.

9 - Nava: Inhaling raising both arms up, exhaling in Samasthiti.

(Repeat 5 times)